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Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Jul 2014The discovery of undifferentiated, actively proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mature brain opened a brand new chapter in the contemporary neuroscience. Adult... (Review)
Review
The discovery of undifferentiated, actively proliferating neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mature brain opened a brand new chapter in the contemporary neuroscience. Adult neurogenesis appears to occur in specific brain regions (including hypothalamus) throughout vertebrates' life, being considered an important player in the processes of memory, learning, and neural plasticity. In the adult mammalian brain, NSCs are located mainly in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle ependymal wall. Besides these classical regions, hypothalamic neurogenesis occurring mainly along and beneath the third ventricle wall seems to be especially well documented. Neurogenic zones in SGZ, SVZ, and in the hypothalamus share some particular common features like similar cellular cytoarchitecture, vascularization pattern, and extracellular matrix properties. Hypothalamic neurogenic niche is formed mainly by four special types of radial glia-like tanycytes. They are characterized by distinct expression of some neural progenitor and stem cell markers. Moreover, there are numerous suggestions that newborn hypothalamic neurons have a significant ability to integrate into the local neural pathways and to play important physiological roles, especially in the energy balance regulation. Newly formed neurons in the hypothalamus can synthesize and release food intake regulating neuropeptides and they are sensitive to the leptin. On the other hand, high-fat diet positively influences hypothalamic neurogenesis in rodents. The nature of this intriguing new site of adult neurogenesis is still so far poorly studied and requires further investigations.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Animals; Ependyma; Humans; Hypothalamus; Lateral Ventricles; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis
PubMed: 24744125
DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0058-5 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy May 2023Glioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors. The conventional treatment strategy, surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, did not change... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and aggressive adult brain tumors. The conventional treatment strategy, surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, did not change the fact that the recurrence rate was high and the survival rate was low. Over the years, accumulating evidence has shown that the subventricular zone has an important role in the recurrence and treatment resistance of glioblastoma. The human adult subventricular zone contains neural stem cells and glioma stem cells that are probably a part of reason for therapy resistance and recurrence of glioblastoma.
MAIN BODY
Over the years, both bench and bedside evidences strongly support the view that the presence of neural stem cells and glioma stem cells in the subventricular zone may be the crucial factor of recurrence of glioblastoma after conventional therapy. It emphasizes the necessity to explore new therapy strategies with the aim to target subventricular zone to eradicate neural stem cells or glioma stem cells. In this review, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical advances in targeting neural stem cells in the subventricular zone for glioblastoma treatment, and clarify the prospects and challenges in clinical application.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there remain unresolved issues, current advances provide us with a lot of evidence that targeting the neural stem cells and glioma stem cells in subventricular zone may have the potential to solve the dilemma of glioblastoma recurrence and treatment resistance.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Glioblastoma; Neural Stem Cells; Brain Neoplasms
PubMed: 37170286
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03325-4 -
Neuropharmacology Sep 2008The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem and progenitor cells that generate neuroblasts, which migrate to the olfactory bulb where... (Review)
Review
The subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem and progenitor cells that generate neuroblasts, which migrate to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into interneurons. Ischemic stroke induces neurogenesis in the SVZ and these cells migrate to the boundary of the ischemic lesion. This article reviews current data on cytokinetics, signaling pathways and vascular niche that are involved in processes of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural progenitor cells after stroke.
Topics: Animals; Brain Ischemia; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Neuroglia; Neurons; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Stroke
PubMed: 18632119
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.05.027 -
Neurology India 2020To retrospectively analyze hydrocephalus and lateral ventricular asymmetry by measuring the midline shift, Evans index, right and left semi-Evans index, Right and left...
PURPOSE
To retrospectively analyze hydrocephalus and lateral ventricular asymmetry by measuring the midline shift, Evans index, right and left semi-Evans index, Right and left semi-callosal angles, superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) diameters, and to compare these findings with the control group.
METHODS
The study included 93 cases with hydrocephalus, 80 cases with asymmetrical lateral ventricles (ALV) and 83 control cases with normal findings who had cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our institute between the years 2011 and 2016. A senior and junior radiologist analyzed the images and performed the measurements, and the results were compared.
RESULTS
The cut-off points for the Evans index and right and left semi-Evans indexes for differentiating hydrocephalus and ALV were calculated as 28.68%, 30.77%, and 30.88%, respectively. The septum shift degree was significantly higher in the ALV group compared to the control group (P = 0.010; P < 0.05). ALV or hydrocephalus were not found to be associated with SOV enlargement. The SOVs were not found to be enlarged ipsilateral to asymmetrically enlarged lateral ventricle.
CONCLUSION
Lower Evans and right and left semi-Evans indices are seen in ALV. Despite some limitations, the Evans index could still be used to differentiate hydrocephalus and ALV. Mild ALV is mostly associated with an off-midline septum. SOV diameter and enlargement are not indicators of hydrocephalus or ALV.
Topics: Cerebral Ventricles; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33342870
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.304115 -
Stem Cell Reports Aug 2021Neural and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NPCs and OPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain contribute to oligodendrogenesis throughout life, in part due to...
Neural and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (NPCs and OPCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain contribute to oligodendrogenesis throughout life, in part due to direct regulation by chemokines. The role of the chemokine fractalkine is well established in microglia; however, the effect of fractalkine on SVZ precursor cells is unknown. We show that murine SVZ NPCs and OPCs express the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and bind fractalkine. Exogenous fractalkine directly enhances OPC and oligodendrocyte genesis from SVZ NPCs in vitro. Infusion of fractalkine into the lateral ventricle of adult NPC lineage-tracing mice leads to increased newborn OPC and oligodendrocyte formation in vivo. We also show that OPCs secrete fractalkine and that inhibition of endogenous fractalkine signaling reduces oligodendrocyte formation in vitro. Finally, we show that fractalkine signaling regulates oligodendrogenesis in cerebellar slices ex vivo. In summary, we demonstrate a novel role for fractalkine signaling in regulating oligodendrocyte genesis from postnatal CNS precursor cells.
Topics: Animals; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Chemokine CX3CL1; Gene Expression; Lateral Ventricles; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Transgenic; Microscopy, Confocal; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2; Oligodendroglia; SOXB1 Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction; Mice
PubMed: 34270934
DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.010 -
Cell Reports Jan 2019The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) harbors adult neural stem cells. V-SVZ neural stem cells exhibit features of astrocytes, have a regional identity, and...
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) harbors adult neural stem cells. V-SVZ neural stem cells exhibit features of astrocytes, have a regional identity, and depending on their location in the lateral or septal wall of the lateral ventricle, generate different types of neuronal and glial progeny. We performed large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing to provide a molecular atlas of cells from the lateral and septal adult V-SVZ of male and female mice. This revealed regional and sex differences among adult V-SVZ cells. We uncovered lineage potency bias at the single-cell level among lateral and septal wall astrocytes toward neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis, respectively. Finally, we identified transcription factor co-expression modules marking key temporal steps in neurogenic and oligodendrocyte lineage progression. Our data suggest functionally important spatial diversity in neurogenesis and oligodendrogenesis in the adult brain and reveal molecular correlates of adult NSC dormancy and lineage specialization.
Topics: Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Lineage; Female; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Neurons; Organ Specificity; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 30625322
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.044 -
Acta Neurologica Taiwanica Dec 2013
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia
PubMed: 24458858
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatry Research Dec 2011This magnetic resonance imaging study demonstrates increased lateral ventricle volume (LVV) in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic symptoms,...
This magnetic resonance imaging study demonstrates increased lateral ventricle volume (LVV) in adolescents and adults with bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic symptoms, but not without psychosis, compared to healthy adolescents and adults. This suggests LVV is a morphologic feature associated with psychosis in BD, present by adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Mapping; Child; Female; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 22041535
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.07.005 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Aug 2022
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Glioblastoma; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 35393221
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.070 -
Medicine Jun 2019To explore the growth trend of fetal lateral ventricular volume, for understanding the relationship between atrial diameter (AD) and volume in normal fetus and fetus...
To explore the growth trend of fetal lateral ventricular volume, for understanding the relationship between atrial diameter (AD) and volume in normal fetus and fetus with ventriculomegaly.Overall, 97 sequential fetal head magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed; these pertained to 50 fetuses with normal lateral ventricles [normal group; gestational age (GA): 24-38 weeks] and 47 fetuses with ventriculomegaly (VM) (VM group; GA: 24-37 weeks). The left, right, and total lateral ventricular volume were measured using 3-dimensional magnetic resonance hydrography (MRH). Correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to assess the relationships of measurements. Lineal regression analysis was used to assess correlation of AD and GA with volume. Between-group differences in terms of AD and volume were assessed using t test.Significant linear growth was observed in the total lateral ventricular volume compared with GA in the normal group with a relative growth rate of 2.87% per week (P <.001). Significant linear relationship between AD and volume was observed, and a significant equation was acquired in the normal group and VM groups, respectively, using the simple linear regression model: left volume = 0.438 * normal left diameter (NLD) + 1.359; right volume = 0.493 * normal right diameter (NRD) + 1.012; left volume = 0.959 * left diameter in VM (VLD) - 2.074; right volume = 0.799 * right diameter in VM (VRD) - 0.443. A significant equation was obtained in the normal group and the VM group, using the multiple linear regression model: Total volume (mL) = 0.396 * NLD + 0.410 * NRD + 3.101; and total volume = 0.989 * VLD + 0.834 * VRD - 3.141, respectively. In terms of AD and volume, the left lateral ventricle was significantly larger than the right side in both groups. The volume of lateral ventricle in AD ≥10 mm group was larger than that in the AD <10 mm group. The total volume in the VM group was significantly larger than that in the normal group.The total lateral ventricular volume increased with GA. AD can be used to evaluate the fetal ventricular volume.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Lateral Ventricles; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Organ Size; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prenatal Diagnosis; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31261528
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016118